Improvement in machine for compressing wood tenons



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Letters Patent No. 101,315, dated March 29, 1870.

IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINE FOR COMPRESSIN WOOD TENONS.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, BENJAMIN D. SANDERS, of Wellsburg, in the county of Brooke and State of West Virginia, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Compressing Wooden Tenons and Rounds; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawing making a part of this speciiioation, in which- Figure 1 is a side view of one form of my machine, illustrative of my mode of operation;

Figure 2 is a front elevation .of the same Figure -3 is a side view of a cylinder of wood, with a round compressed on each end; and

Figure 4 is asectional view bf such a round inserted in a hole of corresponding size, and tightened therein by the swelling of the forward or outer end of the round Like letters of' reference indicate like parts in each.

Heretofore, -in the manufacture of chair-rounds, hoe and rake-handles, carriage-spokes, &c., the tenon part has been usually made by the process of turning, or sometimes by shaving, and the tenon was then fastened in its place by glueing or wedging, when any such particular fastening was required.

My invention includes not only a machine for making such tenons, but also the mode of making and fastening them, and is applicable to the manufacture of chair or other furniture rounds, including rounds' on the backs and arms, to maki-ng tenons Aonywooden rake-handles, rake-teeth, hoe-handles, hatehets, rounds on broom-handles, carriage-spokes, &c., and generally to the manufacture of all kinds of tenons which are round when nished, or which from a compressed round ean be cut to the shape desired; and

, The nature of it consists in the construction ofimproved devices for compressing cylindrical wooden forms.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and manner of operation and use.

Any suitable frame-work, a, supports a cylindrical roller, b, which is operated by power communicated in any known way through an axle, b.

Attached to any suitable part of the frame a is a segmental concave, c, made with a curvature of a radius alittle longer than the radius of the wheel b, and adjustable on the frame a by set-screws d, which are tightened and loosened inthe slots d, and by a radially-acting set-screw, d, though other equivalent means of adjustment may be substituted therefor.

This segmental concave c is adjusted outside the wheel b in the safne plane, and so that the distance between the two at the feeding-end, as at e, shall be at least eqrl t( the diameter ofthe wooden cylinder to be introduced therein, and so that the distance between the two at the opposite end e shall be equal to the diameter of the tenon to be formed.

In order to secure a tenon of only the desired length, I insert between the roller b and concave c a gaugeplate, Ii, which is held in place by bolts passing back through the frame a, and there'is adjusted by screwnuts o thereon.

By setting this plate forward or backward, I regulate the length of round to be rolled or compressed.

The article m on which the round m' vis to be 'formed is then introduced at the end e in ysuch position that its axis shall be parallel with the axle b of the wheel b, and by the revolution of the wheel b itis rotated through between the wheel b and its concave c, and the part caught therein is compressed and reduced to the form shown at m.

In some kinds of work a groove, n, is required at the inner or base end of the round m. To make this I construct the wheel b and concave c, one or both, with a bead, n, on the outer edge.

The surfaces by which the rolling is done `and the iiber of the wood compressed, instead of being curved as shown, may be made straight, arranged with reference to each other as described, and a reciprocating motion communicated to one, by which the same re` sults will be secured.

In broom-handles and some other articles a compressed round is desired at a little distance from the end of the handle, onto which compressed part the broom-part is to be bound or otherwise fastened.

'lo make a compressed round, such as is there required, I set the gauge t back from lthe roll b and concave c the required distance, so that the broom'f handle may project past the working-faces of the roller and concave, the frame (t being so shaped as to admit of such adjustment, and then roll and compress the round in the manner already described.

In some articles of manufacture, as hatchet-handles, an oval tenon is required, or a tenon of other than cylindrical form.` To make such I compress a round in the manner above set forth, of a diameter at least equal to the maximum length of the crosssection of the tenon desired, and then turn down or otherwise reduce such compressed round to the oval, square, or other form required.

One of the chief` advantages of this mode of making tenons or rounds is that, when they are inserted in or covered by the parts they are designed to fill, a little moisture applied directly to them, or in some cases the moisture of the atmosphere, will cause the fibers of the wood so compressed to swell or expand, or to resume their previous relationto each other.

This feature is illustrated in iig.' 4, where s represents a compressed tenen, inserted in a hole or mortise in the block s, with its end sprojectiug through;

A little moisture applied in the shape of glue or otherwise to the tenon s, just before inserting or afterward, will cause the compressed fibers 'of the wood tov expand as shown, and make a dovetail-joint so secure that it can be broken only by splitting the block s'.

In turning or otherwise preparing the rounds before rolling them as described, the groove 'n may h cut by the article to be `rolled he regulated by the operator' in accordance therewith, and such measured indexes -I claim as the equivalents of the gauge i.

What 1 claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. Two plain surfaces, longitudinally converging and transversely parallel, and arranged with reference to each other so as to be operative in compressing wooden tenons and rounds by the motion of either, as described.

2. The subject-mattei' of the previous claim, in combination with a gauge, xed or adjustable, for determining the length of the tenon or the position of the round, as described.

3. The subject-matter of the first claim, in combination withI a bead, n', attached to either or both, for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof, I, the said BENJAMIN D. SANDERS, have hereunto set my hand..

B. D. SANDERS.

Witnesses G. H. CHRISTY, A. S. NICHOLSON. v 

